Economic instability and rising inflation are among the major challenges of the modern era, adversely affecting individuals, institutions, and national economies. In this context, Islamic Finance has emerged as an alternative and sustainable financial system that emphasizes justice, stability, and social welfare rather than mere profit maximization. This study presents an analytical examination of the protective measures offered by Islamic finance in the context of economic instability and inflation. It highlights how interest-free financial mechanisms, risk-sharing principles, profit-and-loss sharing modes such as Mudarabah and Musharakah, along with Zakat, Waqf, and Islamic microfinance, can play a significant role in reducing economic vulnerability and protecting society from the adverse effects of inflation. Furthermore, Islamic financial instruments such as Sukuk contribute to productive investment, economic resilience, and long-term stability. The study also explores how, in the light of Maqasid al-Shariah, Islamic Finance can serve not only as a tool for mitigating inflationary pressures but also as a framework for establishing a just and stable economic system. The research concludes that Islamic finance offers practical and ethical solutions to contemporary inflation-related challenges and provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and financial institutions seeking sustainable alternatives for economic protection and stability.