The increased severity and problems seen in individuals with pre-existing diabetes have sparked concerns about the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM). Knowing how DM and COVID-19 are related may help guide clinical treatment and enhance patient outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence of diabetes mellitus in COVID-19 patients, evaluate pharmaceutical treatment approaches, examine microbiological co-infections, and investigate biochemical markers in order to better understand how these factors interact and guide therapeutic procedures.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023. Included were adult patients with a history of diabetes mellitus and a COVID-19 diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression and t-tests were used to examine data on microbial co-infections, pharmaceutical therapy, glycemic control, and biochemical indicators.

Results: Type 2 diabetes was present in 71.43% of the 385 individuals. In 41.58% of patients, poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%) was seen. Abnormal coagulation profiles (36.36%) and elevated inflammatory cytokines (54.55%) were prevalent. Poor glycemic control, co-infections, and unfavorable outcomes were shown to be significantly correlated, and the main predictors of severe outcomes were age, type of diabetes, insulin usage, co-infections, and inflammatory markers.

Conclusion: The research emphasizes how important microbial co-infections, insulin usage, and glycemic management are in determining COVID-19 results in diabetic patients. These findings reveal that these vulnerable populations need specific care strategies to reduce the possibility of negative consequences.