The Indian retail industry has undergone significant transformation, evolving from Retail 1.0 to Retail 4.0 due to advancements in technology and changing consumer behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift toward digital shopping, leading to the widespread adoption of e-commerce and omni-channel retailing. With the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and automation, businesses are increasingly leveraging data-driven insights to optimize operations and enhance customer experiences.

This study examines the current state of India’s retail sector in the post-pandemic era, analyzing how retail enterprises are transitioning from traditional brick-and-mortar models to digital-first and omni-channel strategies. It highlights the role of big data in key areas such as risk management, category management, customer relationship management, logistics, and market analysis. Additionally, the study explores challenges, limitations, and future trends in big data adoption within India’s retail sector. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for businesses seeking to enhance decision-making and competitiveness in the era of Retail 4.0.