Kurdish Studies

Transition of Flow Past Five Square Obstacles in Tandem Arrangement at Distinct Gap Spacing

Raheela Manzoor
Shazia Kalsoom
Tyyaba Kalsoom
Farida Panezai
Neelam Panezai
Naveed Sheikh
Muhammad Yasin
Keywords: Drag and lift coefficients, Steady flow, Force statistics, square obstacles, Gap spacing.

Abstract

A two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulation was performed for the flow past five square obstacles of similar size ‘D’ aligned inline at  fixed Reynolds number Re = 150 to investigate the transition in flow behavior. The gap spacing (gc = s/D) between the obstacles was varied from gc = 0.25 to 5. The results were obtained in terms of vorticity contour visualization, time-history analysis of drag (Cd) and lift (Cl) forces, and physical parameters. Four different flow modes were identified under the effect of gap spacing (gc = s/d). These are: i) Shear layer flow mode ii) Half-developed irregular vortex shedding flow mode iii) Fully-developed two-row vortex shedding flow mode iv) Two-row single bluff body flow mode for obstacles C1-C5. The values of Cdmean, Cdrms, Clrms, and St were calculated for physical parameters. Cdmean exhibited a mixed trend with increasing gap spacing for obstacles C3, C4, and C5. The highest value of Cdmean was observed at gc = 5 for obstacle C1, which was 1.4594, while the smallest value was attained for obstacle C3 at gc = 0.25. There were also some negative values of Cdmean for obstacle C2 at gc = 0.25 - 2.25 and for obstacle C3 at gc = 0.25 - 1.25 due to the effect of pressure, known as thrust. Furthermore, the Strouhal number showed an increasing trend for both small and large gap spacings, i.e., gc = 0.25 - 0.75 and gc = 1.5 – 5. The highest value of the Strouhal number was observed at gc = 5 for obstacle C5, which was 0.1521.

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