Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disturbance to all aspects of life including health and economy across the world. The mortalities of COVID-19 patients in Pakistan were less than rest of the world.

Objective: This study intends to evaluate Hematological and Biochemical Markers as Risk Factors for Severity of Covid-19 Infection among patients from tertiary care corona dedicated hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan from covid wave 1 to 2 Feb. 26, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Methodology: The principal investigator along with his team has access on all data collected. total 543 patients were included in current study analysis out which 260 and 283 patients divided into 2 groups wave 1 and wave 2 respectively and the 52 and 89 were excluded due to incomplete laboratory results during 1^st and 2^nd wave, respectively.

Results: Only 5 out 166 and 7 out of 164 non-ICU admitted patients were died during 1^st wave and 2^nd wave respectively. On the other hand, 94 out of 260 patients need for ICU admission and 41(43.62 %) ICU patients died during 1^st wave of COVID 19 while 112 out 283 need icu admission and 60(53.57%) died during 2^nd wave and overall, the death rate in second wave was high in comparison with first wave. The hemoglobin value, neutrophils, lymphocytes, d-dimer, ferritin level and CRP level were higher among ICU admitted patients as compared to non-ICU patients.

Conclusion: our study results revealed that for severity of COVID-19 infection ICU hospitalization include anemia, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (> 8), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (> 192), and D-dimer level (> 0.9 mg\L) at the time of admission.