Over the recent decades, there have been significant and diverse developments in cancer research, encompassing both the realms of cancer detection and its treatment. The increased accessibility of healthcare resources and heightened public awareness have led to a decrease in the consumption of cancer-causing substances like tobacco. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of preventive measures, regular cancer screenings, and the advancement of targeted therapies have substantially lowered cancer-related deaths worldwide. Nonetheless, the significant decline in cancer mortality demonstrates discrimination and reflects disparities among different ethnic groups and economic strata. Various factors play a role in this systemic inequality, affecting the processes of diagnosis, treatment options, cancer prognosis and even the availability of healthcare facilities. These disparities are influenced by social determinants like social status, economic disadvantage, educational access, diagnostic methods involving biomarkers and molecular testing, treatment options, and access to palliative care. Cancer treatment is a dynamic field that continually advances, with the emergence of novel targeted therapies such as personalized treatment, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. However, these innovations also reveal disparities in their adoption across different segments of the society. Substantial advancements in cancer management and their global implementation require a thorough assessment to uncover and address biases related to racial discrimination within healthcare facilities. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of this worldwide issue of racial discrimination in cancer treatment and care and can aid in the development of more effective strategies for cancer management, ultimately leading to reduced mortality rates.