The purpose of this research was the effect of e-learning on critical thinking with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and students' participation. The method of the current research was a description of the correlation type with the structure modeling approach. The statistical population consisted of 1832 high school students of Kufa city, 320 of them were selected by cluster random sampling using Morgan's table. To collect the research data, from four standard questionnaires, e-learning by Jawad Kazem (1402), academic self-efficacy from Morris (2001), student participation from Wang et al. (2011), critical thinking from Ritex (2003) ) was used, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and structural modeling in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software. The results showed that the effect of e-learning on critical thinking was positive and significant with a direct and mediating role of academic self-efficacy and students' participation.