This review explores the significant contributions of Andalusian physicians to public health practices during the Islamic era in Al-Andalus. By examining historical, medical, and cultural contexts, the study illuminates the pioneering advancements made by physicians such as Ibn Sina, Ibn Zuhr, Ibn Rushd, Ibn al-Jazzaar, AlRazi, Ibn al-Wafid, and Ibn al-Khatib. These physicians emphasized the importance of sanitation, disease prevention, and health promotion, laying the groundwork for modern public health principles and practices. Their advocacy for clean water supply, proper waste disposal, and quarantine measures influenced policies and practices beyond geographical boundaries, shaping public health in regions across Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, and North Africa. Furthermore, their ethical principles guided healthcare professionals in providing compassionate and ethical care to patients. The enduring impact of Andalusian physicians underscores the timeless relevance of their contributions and provides valuable insights for contemporary public health efforts worldwide.