Kurdish Studies

The Legal System of Electronic Signature and its Authenticity in Proof

Qutaiba Nazar Jasim
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq

Emad Saleh Mohammed
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq,

Majed Shehab Alramadan
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq

Jalal Jabbar Aleiwi Al-Majidi
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq

Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed Attia Khalil
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq,

Mohammed Ghaleb Waheed
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq,

Dhafar Kamal Yaseen
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq

Ismael Jaber Dhahir
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq,

Noor Layth Mahdi
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq

Mustafa Atiyah Ibrahim
College of Law, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad., Iraq

Hind Qasim Mohammed
Technical Engineering College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI: 10.67145/ks.v12i2.2555

Abstract

Due to the great importance of signature in proof, the rules of proof in general do not accept customary documents unless they are signed. The unsigned documents are only accepted as a principle of proof in writing that requires other evidence. The court’s acceptance of electronic contracting requires an authoritative acknowledgment of the electronic signature and its reliability as evidence in disputes Evidence laws required, in addition to substantive conditions, formal conditions, as the signature on paper documents was limited to signature, stamp or fingerprint. This means that any other form has no effect. However, due to the importance of electronic transactions in our contemporary time, the growth of electronic commerce and the emergence of new concepts such as electronic government, the legislation of countries has organized the electronic signature and granted it authenticity in proof within objective conditions.

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Keywords

Kurdish StudiesKurdsmigrationTurkeyKurdishKurdistangenderSyriaimmigrationIraqIraqi KurdistanrefugeesmediadiasporaMigrationfamilyAlevismRojavaYezidisautonomyUnited StatesKurdish studiestransnational migrationIranstereotypesminoritiesAlevisactivismEuropesovereigntyareal linguisticsPKKIndiaBalkans