The superstructure is seen by Marxist critical theory as a reflection of a society's socioeconomic circumstances. As a superstructure expression, literature serves as a tool to uphold the hegemonic structure or to challenge authoritarian ideas that uphold the socio-cultural status quo. The present study is based on the theoretical framework of Marxist critical theory, which focuses on the class struggle and the bourgeoisie's subsequent oppression of the proletariat. An analysis has been conducted to determine how and to what extent Anita Desai's novel A Village by the Sea mirrors the socioeconomic circumstances that underlie the story, including poverty, exploitation of the working class, and class conflict. The research examines Marxist components in the chosen fiction and provides a brief overview of Marxism. The theoretical foundation for this study is composed of the fundamental ideas of Marxist critical theory. The majority of people in the village of Thul make their living from farming and fishing. They are worried by the news that a massive factory will be erected in their village. They are excited by the prospect of new employment prospects, but they are also beginning to worry about the industrialization that would supplant their huts, meadows, and agricultural fields. What worries them the most is that the pollution from manufacturers will pollute the water and kill the fish. The study draws attention to a number of Marxist issues, chief among them being the struggle between the ruling class and the working class.