This study investigates the impact of the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) on the financial performance of commercial banks in Cambodia, specifically focusing on return on assets (ROA). Panel data models, such as Pooled OLS, random effect, and fixed effect models, are utilized to analyze the data. The empirical results indicate that VAIC has a positive and statistically significant influence on asset utilization efficiency, as measured by ROA. Furthermore, the study reveals that each component of VAIC (human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency, and capital employed efficiency) contributes significantly to banks' financial performance. The size of banks, measured by the logarithm of their aggregate assets, has a significant impact on ROA, while the physical capital of banks does not demonstrate a significant effect. These findings have practical implications for commercial banks in Cambodia, suggesting that they should prioritize enhancing VAIC by improving the efficiency of human, structural, and employed capital. This can be achieved through investments in training and development programs, optimization of organizational structures and processes, and effective utilization of capital resources. Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this study, as it solely focuses on data from commercial banks in Cambodia, and the findings may not be applicable to other countries or types of financial institutions. Future research could employ different methodologies and extend the analysis to include a larger sample of banks from multiple countries, to enhance the generalizability of the findings.