The Arab-Islamic nation excelled in various forms of human knowledge, embracing an immense intellectual and scientific material in its manuscript heritage that no civilization had embraced before the discovery of printing and the press. This rich material contains diverse sciences, arts, literature, and human achievements, as well as encapsulating the essence of previous human knowledge contributed by nations and peoples fortunate enough to accumulate more comprehensive knowledge and greater experience in specific fields. This is evident in neighboring civilizations such as Greek, Persian, and Roman.