This study is based on the theory of employability and social support, with art students from five vocational colleges in Shanxi Province, China as the research object. The main research content is to explore the influencing factors of their employability. Based on this argument, relevant literature and research purposes, three potential variables are constructed: Perceived Social Support (PC), Psychological Capital (PSS), and Employability (EB), and four hypotheses are proposed, The data was collected through online questionnaires, and statistical tests were conducted using SPSS22.0 and AMOS24.0 software. The statistical tests included descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity testing of test items, model fitting testing, research hypothesis testing, and mediation effect testing. Based on the path analysis data, it can be concluded that all four hypotheses are valid.The research results found that: (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of social support and employment ability of vocational art students in Shanxi Province, China; (2) There is a significant positive correlation between the level of psychological capital and employment ability of vocational art students in Shanxi Province, China; (3) There is a positive correlation between the perception of social support and the psychological capital of vocational art students in Shanxi Province, China; (4) Psychological capital plays a mediating role in understanding the impact of social support on employability; Finally, based on the research findings, several corresponding research suggestions were proposed.