Ameliorative Potential of Ethanolic Garlic Extract Against Acetaminophen Induced Morphometric and Morphological Changes in Mice (Albino) Embryo

Abstract

Acetaminophen is a widely used drug for pain and common fevers during pregnancy. The study was aimed to investigate the acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol) induced Embryotoxicity in female Albino Mice and ameliorative potential of garlic (Allium sativum) extract. For this purpose, phytochemical analysis of ethanolic garlic extract was carried out. Twenty-eight pregnant mice were divided in 7 groups (A-G). Group A was Control while B and C were Acetaminophen treated groups with dose A (0.00), B (150,0.00). C (300,0.00). Group D to G were of Acetaminophen+ ethanolic garlic extract treated groups with doses D (150.00, 100), E (150,00, 200), F (300,100) and G (300,200). Toxicant treatment in groups (B and C) showed significant Morphological abnormalities like hemorrhagic spots, deformed axis, micromelia, macrotia, club feet, skin lesions and open eyelid. Co-treatment of Ethanolic Garlic Extracts (EGE) as ameliorant reduced these malformations across all the treatment groups (D-G). Whereas, Morphometric parameters showed that fetus’s weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump, and head circumference decreased significantly (p<0.05) in Acetaminophen treated groups (B and C) as compared to control (A). Whereas, ethanolic garlic extract as curative agent reduced the toxicant effects of acetaminophen in groups (D-G). This amelioration showed occurrence of some biological active compounds in the EGE like an amino acid derivative NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) which might prove to be protective agent in acetaminophen caused teratogenicity.