Comparative Assessment of Health Risks Associated with E-Cigarettes versus Conventional Cigarettes: An Original Study in the Navi Mumbai Population

Abstract

Background: A better alternate of traditional cigarette based on new technology. It is a battery powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine through a vapourized solution. E-cigarette consists nicotine which is not harmful for health. E-cigarette does not use tobacco.

Tobacco use remains a significant public health problem, with conventional cigarettes being a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a perceived “safer” alternative has generated debate regarding their actual health risks.

Objective: To compare the health effects and risk perceptions of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes in the Navi Mumbai population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 adults aged 18–60 years in Navi Mumbai. Participants were divided into three groups: conventional cigarette users (n=100), e-cigarette users (n=100), and non-smokers (n=100). Data were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical assessments of respiratory, cardiovascular, and oral health parameters. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression.

Results: Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among conventional smokers (68%) compared to e-cigarette users (42%) and non-smokers (15%) (p<0.001). Oral health issues (staining, gingivitis) were more frequent in conventional smokers (74%) compared to e-cigarette users (39%) (p<0.001). Mean systolic blood pressure was highest in conventional smokers (132.4 ± 10.2 mmHg) compared to e-cigarette users (126.7 ± 8.9 mmHg) and non-smokers (121.1 ± 7.6 mmHg). Awareness regarding risks was limited; 61% of e-cigarette users believed vaping was “safe” compared to only 18% of smokers who felt cigarettes were safe.

Conclusion: Both conventional and electronic cigarettes are associated with adverse health outcomes, though conventional cigarettes demonstrate greater risks. The misconception of e-cigarettes as “safe” highlights the need for public awareness campaigns in Navi Mumbai.