Comprehensive Analysis of Cell Adhesion Molecule-Related/Down-Regulated by Oncogenes Expression and Methylation Patterns in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications and Genetic Alterations

Abstract

Background: The CDON gene encodes a protein from the immunoglobulin super family that is essential for developmental processes, specifically the control of cell regulation throughout embryogenesis. CDON (Cell Adhesion Molecule) is engaged in various signaling networks, including the Hedgehog signaling system, which is essential for cell growth and differentiation. Methods: CDON expression and methylation was determined in LIHC by using UALCAN database. Further, survival, validation and mutation analysis of CDON was determined in LIHC by utilizing KM plotter, GEPIA2.0 and cBioPortal respectively. The gene enrichment and pathway were determined in the presence of CDON by using STRING and DAVID tools. Results: The current research intends to look at CDON expression in LIHC tissues. In this study, we compared CDON expression to various clinic-pathological parameters in LIHC patients. CDON expression was high in LIHC patients in different clinical parameters as compared to normal control samples. Furthermore, in LIHC patients, CDON high expression was found to be associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival. A small percentage of CDON mutations in LIHC are found through genetic mutation analysis using cBioPortal; they are primarily missense and truncating variants, which suggest their fundamental role in CDON dysregulation in the context of LIHC.CDON-associated genes co-express with CDON and are engaged in a wide range of biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways, according to the results of Gene Ontology and pathway analysis. The relationship between the DEGs and the Hedgehog signaling pathway, basal cell carcinoma, pathways in cancer, axon guidance, and proteoglycans in cancer was discovered through the study of enriched KEGG pathways. This critical finding showed that CDON is involved in the pathogenesis and proliferation of LIHC tumors.

Conclusion: The results of this research showed that CDON is involved in LIHC cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In the end,

these results might aid in the creation of more potent therapeutic plans and diagnostic tools for LIHC patients