Britain's Activity in Iraq During the Nineteenth Century (Transportation As a Model)

Abstract

This research revolves around the topic of Britain's activity in Iraq during the second half of the nineteenth century, a significant period during which British influence in Iraq increased for strategic, economic, and political reasons. Iraq became, in the eyes of British policymakers, important in terms of transportation routes as it formed a crucial link in one of the main routes leading to their empire in India. They sought to tighten their control over Iraq out of fear of it falling into the hands of other countries. The research addressed several aspects, shedding light on the political conditions in Iraq before British influence penetrated it. It explored Britain's activities in the Ottoman Empire in general and in Iraq in particular through the privileges granted to Britain, which solidified its influence in Iraq.Furthermore, the research delved into the evolution of British interests in Iraq, including the establishment of the British consulate in Baghdad and the expansion of British influence in the region. It also discussed the role of the British-owned Lynch Company, which was one of the most significant companies contributing to the increase of British influence through its espionage activities in Iraq. Additionally, the research examined Britain's stance on the Baghdad Railway and other German privileges.The primary sources relied upon in this research include Zakī Ṣāliḥ's book "Britain and Iraq Until 1914," ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sulaymān Nawwār's book "British Interests in the Disintegration of Iraq," and Khidr Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ's book "British Diplomats in Iraq," among other important sources. Firstly, regarding the political situation in Iraq.