A Model of Santri’s Resistance to Kiai in the Speed-Reading Method of Kitab Kuning in Islamic Education Institutions in Madura and Selangor

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the Kitab Kuning (a traditional set of Islamic texts) implemented in several pesantren, both in Indonesia and Malaysia, is necessary to preserve the spreading of religious knowledge without being detached from its cultural roots. It can be achieved by adopting and adapting modern teaching methods and techniques while still incorporating the values of pesantren, such as obedience and exemplary behavior. However, this system has led to a new variant of Santri’s resistance. This study focuses on Santri’s resistance to Kiai in implementing Kitab Kuning's speed-reading method at Islamic education institutions in Madura, Indonesia, and Selangor, Malaysia. The research method employed is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The study has identified several forms of Santri’s resistance, such as reluctance to have physical contact with teachers. Non-violent resistance is also observed in their refusal to pay fees both inside and outside the classroom, as well as during the learning process Most of these acts of resistance are non-verbal and can also be seen in the form of defaced books or writings.