Nickel Down Streaming in Indonesia: Policy Implementation and Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts

Abstract

This paper investigates Indonesia's nickel downstreaming, focusing on policy implementation and its economic, social, and environmental impacts. Emphasizing the government's strategy to enhance the value of natural resources, the study traces the evolution of nickel downstreaming policies, analyzing changes over time. Applying Thomas R. Dye's policy framework, the research evaluates policy implementation through agenda setting and formulation. It identifies economic shifts, including industrial growth and increased employment. Social impacts, such as worker migration changes, and environmental effects, considering resource use and pollution, are assessed. This analysis, anchored in policy theory, provides insights for policy formulation and aids industry practitioners, offering valuable information on national resource downstreaming.