Educational Values Transmission of Islamic Boarding School Kiai in South Kalimantan (Multi Case Study in Darussalam Islamic Boarding School and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding School)

Abstract

Islamic boarding schools are the oldest educational institutions in Indonesia. This institution has survived and developed along with the development of society. Some values are continuously maintained and transmitted by the kiai as the central figure in the Islamic boarding school. These values then become the main identity of Islamic boarding school alumni. This dissertation aims to reveal: 1) the process of transmitting educational values by kiai at Islamic boarding schools in South Kalimantan, 2) educational values transmitted by Islamic boarding school kiai in South Kalimantan, and 3) methods of transmitting values to Islamic boarding schools in South Kalimantan. This study used a qualitative approach with a multi-case design. In collecting the data from the informants, the researcher used participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data was analyzed based on the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Checking the validity of the data was carried out by taking into account the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The findings of this study were: first, the process of transmitting educational values to Darussalam and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding Schools was based on top-down processing. The purpose of establishing a boarding school by the founding kiai would determine the educational values that would be transmitted to the next generation. Second, the educational values at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School were philosophically based on perennial philosophy, while the values at Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding School were based on pragmatic philosophy. Darussalam Islamic Boarding School fosters and develops values that are expected to be useful for students both in this world and in the hereafter, while Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding School fosters and develops values that are expected to support the existence of students and have clear benefit values in everyday life. Third, the method of transmitting educational values at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School and the Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding School was by creating a supportive environment. The learning system used direct methods (intra and extracurricular learning), and indirect (informal interactions). The research findings indicated that there was a social construction process in transmitting the educational values by the kiai at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School and the Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Islamic Boarding School which was in line with the Social Construction Theory proposed by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, namely the externalization stage through the formation of values originating from the purpose of establishing the Islamic Boarding School itself; and then the objectification stage through the development of Islamic boarding schools that legitimized values based on rules and created supportive conditions, the last stage was internalization through direct and indirect methods.